德首架F-35A戰鬥機首飛成功

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德國空軍首架F-35A戰機8日在美國完成首飛（圖片取自Eric Kilpatrick「X」）

德國空軍首架F-35A「閃電II」（Lightning II）戰機，8日在洛克希德．馬丁（Lockheed Martin）位於美國德州沃斯堡（Fort Worth）的工廠完成首飛，預計本月稍晚舉行正式出廠儀式。這架戰機未來將部署至阿肯色州艾賓空軍國民兵基地（Ebbing Air National Guard Base），主要執行德國飛官與相關後勤人員的訓練任務。

Germany’s first F-35A Lightning II fighter completed its maiden flight on the 8th at Lockheed Martin’s facility in Fort Worth, Texas. The aircraft is expected to officially roll out later this month before being deployed to Ebbing Air National Guard Base in Arkansas, where it will initially support training for German pilots and associated ground personnel.

德國首架F-35A亮相　機號35+01完成飛行測試

Germany’s First F-35A, Serial Number 35+01, Completes Flight Test

德國空軍首架F-35A機體編號「35+01」，垂直尾翼塗有德國國旗，以及德國空軍駐美戰術訓練指揮部（GAFTTCOM USA）標誌。該機自今年3月開始進行最終組裝與F135發動機安裝，8月完成機身塗裝，隨後進入飛行測試階段。

The German Air Force’s first F-35A, serial number “35+01,” carries the German flag and the insignia of the German Air Force Tactical Training Command USA (GAFTTCOM USA) on its vertical tail. Final assembly and installation of the F135 engine began in March, followed by painting work in August before the aircraft entered flight testing.

洛克希德．馬丁今年6月曾宣布，德國首架F-35A預定於9月18日舉行出廠儀式，並在接下來數個月內正式交付。德國首批8架F-35A將優先部署至艾賓基地，作為德國空軍飛行員及後勤人員訓練機隊，為後續戰機正式進駐德國及形成作戰能力做準備。

Lockheed Martin announced in June that Germany’s first F-35A was scheduled for an official rollout ceremony on September 18, with formal delivery expected in the following months. The first eight German F-35As will initially be based at Ebbing to support pilot and ground-crew training, preparing personnel for the aircraft’s eventual deployment to Germany and transition to operational service.

2027年進駐布歇爾　F-35A接替「龍捲風」

F-35As to Replace Tornado Fighters at Büchel from 2027

德國空軍首批F-35A預計自2027年起優先交付駐防布歇爾空軍基地（Büchel Air Base）的第33戰術聯隊，用於逐步取代服役多年的「龍捲風」（Tornado）戰機。德國方面預計在2028年讓F-35A達成「初始作戰能力」（IOC），進一步承擔前線作戰任務。

Germany’s first F-35As are scheduled to begin arriving in 2027 at the 33rd Tactical Air Wing at Büchel Air Base, where they will progressively replace the aging Tornado fleet. Germany plans to achieve initial operational capability (IOC) for the F-35A in 2028, allowing the aircraft to take on frontline operational missions.

在北約「核武共享」（Nuclear Sharing）架構下，德國F-35A未來也將承擔核武任務，負責投射由美國提供的B61自由落體式戰術核彈，成為德國參與北約空基核威懾的重要作戰平台。

Under NATO’s Nuclear Sharing arrangement, Germany’s F-35As will also assume a nuclear role, carrying U.S.-provided B61 free-fall tactical nuclear bombs. The aircraft will therefore become a key platform for Germany’s contribution to NATO’s air-based nuclear deterrence mission.

德國捨「歐洲戰機」方案　最終選擇35架F-35A

Germany Chooses 35 F-35As Over Eurofighter-Based Alternatives

為接替現役「龍捲風」戰機，德國過去曾評估多種方案，包括全面換裝「歐洲戰機」（Eurofighter Typhoon），以及採購美製EA-18G「咆哮者」（Growler）電子戰機與F/A-18E/F「超級大黃蜂」（Super Hornet），再搭配「歐洲戰機」形成混合機隊。

Germany previously considered several options to replace its Tornado fleet, including an all-Eurofighter Typhoon solution, as well as purchasing U.S.-built EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft and F/A-18E/F Super Hornets alongside Eurofighters to form a mixed fleet.

不過，德國最終在2022年決定採購35架F-35A，藉此取得具備匿蹤能力、先進感測器與多任務作戰能力的新世代戰機。隨著F-35A逐步完成交付與部署，德國空軍也將從「龍捲風」世代邁向第五代戰機，未來並不排除進一步追加採購，以持續強化整體防衛能力。

Germany ultimately selected 35 F-35As in 2022, opting for a new-generation fighter equipped with stealth capabilities, advanced sensors and multi-role combat functions. As deliveries and deployments progress, the German Air Force will transition from the Tornado era to a fifth-generation fighter fleet, while Berlin has not ruled out additional F-35A purchases in the future to further strengthen its defense capabilities.

從訓練到核威懾　F-35A成德國空軍核心戰力

From Training to Nuclear Deterrence, F-35A Set to Become a Core German Air Force Capability

首架F-35A完成首飛，代表德國換裝新世代戰機計畫正式進入關鍵階段。隨著首批戰機先赴美進行人員訓練，並預計自2027年起陸續進駐德國，F-35A未來不僅將接替「龍捲風」執行傳統戰術任務，也將在北約核武共享架構下扮演重要角色，成為德國空軍未來空中作戰與核威懾能力的重要支柱。

The completion of the first F-35A’s maiden flight marks a key milestone in Germany’s transition to a new generation of combat aircraft. With the initial aircraft heading to the United States for personnel training and subsequent deployments to Germany expected from 2027, the F-35A will not only replace the Tornado in conventional tactical missions but also assume an important role in NATO’s Nuclear Sharing framework, becoming a central pillar of Germany’s future air combat and nuclear deterrence capabilities.