「模組化攻擊水面艇」登場 — 美艦隊無人化,30 噸酬載、千浬續航展現分散戰力!

美國黑海科技開發「模組化攻擊水面艇」(MASC)無人水面載具(圖片取自官方帳號)
美國海軍朝向「有人+無人」混合艦隊邁進的新一波採購案,吸引業界角力。黑海科技(BlackSea Technologies)提出的 MASC(Modular Attack Surface Craft)模組化攻擊水面艇,以量產友善、模組化任務艙與高酬載設計,鎖定反艦、打擊、電子作戰與掃雷等多重任務,意圖成為未來分散化艦隊編制中的重要拼圖。
The U.S. Navy’s shift toward manned-unmanned fleet concepts has sparked industry competition. BlackSea Technologies’ MASC (Modular Attack Surface Craft) proposal emphasizes production readiness, modular mission bays and heavy payload capacity for ASuW, strike, EW and mine countermeasure roles — aiming to be a key node in distributed maritime forces.
黑海科技強調,MASC 並非把商用船改小改樣,而是從龍骨重新設計的專用戰術艇。主要數據包括:艇長約 20 公尺、最大酬載 約 30,481 公斤(約 30.5 噸)、最高速 25 節、在 10 節航速下續航可達 1,000 浬(約 1,852 公里),並擁有約 83 平方公尺 的開放甲板,可快速載掛感測器、火力模組或後勤載具。
BlackSea stresses that MASC is a purpose-built combat vessel, not a modified commercial hull. Key specs: ~20 m length; payload ~30,481 kg (~30.5 t); top speed 25 kt; endurance ~1,000 nm at 10 kt; ~83 m² open deck for mission modules, sensors or logistics payloads.
此艇的設計邏輯明顯對應美軍近期對「分散式艦隊」與高生存性節點(high-survivability distributed nodes)的需求:大酬載與寬甲板意味著可搭載多種類型的單元化武器(比如垂直發射模組、遙控砲塔或反艦/反艦式無人載具)與先進感測器,且能快速換裝任務套件,滿足從反水面作戰到電子壓制、掃雷甚至後勤補給等任務轉換。
The design aligns with the Navy’s distributed fleet and high-survivability node concepts: a large payload and open deck allow installation of diverse modular weapons (VLS modules, remote turrets, ASuV/USV launch rails) and sensors, enabling quick role changes from ASuW to EW, MCM or logistics.
黑海科技指出,MASC 採用自家公司已成熟的「GARC 全球自主偵察艇」生產線,具量產與短期交付優勢;公司願在約 6 個月 內交付首艘整合原型以供測試,顯示其方案強調快速實裝與可製造性(producibility)。對於美軍來說,這類「能快、能拚量」的方案正好能補強傳統大艦艇在數量與部署靈活性上的短板。
BlackSea plans to leverage its GARC production line for rapid manufacture, promising a fully-integrated prototype within ~6 months for testing — highlighting producibility and quick fielding, traits the Navy values to complement fewer large manned ships.
戰術與戰略意涵不容小覷:第一,MASC 類艇可降低人員風險,把高風險反水面/趨近打擊任務交給無人或遠端操控單元執行;第二,模組化使指揮官能在瞬息任務需求下迅速重構編隊能力;第三,若能與有人艦、航空器及水下無人系統整合,將加速「聯合多域」的作戰節奏。
Tactically and strategically, MASC-type craft can reduce personnel risk by assigning high-risk ASuW or swarm entry tasks to unmanned units; modularity lets commanders rapidly reconfigure force capability; and integration with manned ships, aircraft and UUVs accelerates joint multi-domain operations.
當然也有挑戰:大酬載與模組化意味系統複雜度與維保負擔增加;如何在敵方電磁與網路攻擊環境下維持自主/聯網能力,並保障後勤鏈與指管安全,將是能否實戰化的關鍵。再者,在開放海域面對高速反制火力時,USV 的生存性設計(可低可隱、電磁防護、自主避障)也是成功關鍵。
Challenges remain: heavy payload and modularity increase systems complexity and sustainment burden; ensuring autonomy and resilient communications under EW/cyber attack is critical; survivability measures (stealth, EM hardening, autonomy for evasive maneuvers) determine combat viability in contested littoral environments.
總結(Summary)
MASC 代表美海軍向「模組化、分散化、無人化」艦隊轉型的實務回應,若能快速量產並完善指管整合,將成為未來海面作戰重要拼圖。
MASC exemplifies the Navy’s practical shift toward modular, distributed and unmanned fleet constructs — if producible at scale and integrated into command-and-control, it could become a key surface-combat element.
立即觀察重點包括原型交付時程、作戰模組(武器/感測器)清單、以及與現有艦隊 C2 與防護體系的互操作性測試結果。
Watch for prototype delivery timing, the catalog of mission modules (weapons/sensors), and interoperability test outcomes with existing fleet C2 and protection systems.
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