歐洲最強卻要停產?英國「颱風」戰機陷困境 本土工業恐斷鏈

於2025年55th巴黎航展戶外展出的颱風戰機(Eurofighter Typhoon)
號稱**「歐洲最強多用途戰機」的颱風戰機(Eurofighter Typhoon)**正面臨無預警停產的危機。《金融時報》與多家軍事媒體近日披露,英國政府將國防採購重心轉向美製F-35,導致英國本土的颱風戰機生產線面臨關閉危機,引發國內政界與產業界的強烈反彈。
The UK government’s procurement pivot to the US-made F-35 has sparked fears that the Typhoon production line could shut down permanently — a blow to Britain’s defense industry.
颱風戰機由英國、德國、義大利與西班牙四國共同研製,目前生產重心由英國BAE Systems負責,生產基地位於蘭開夏郡的沃頓(Warton)工廠,是當地數十年來航空工業的核心支柱。然而,自2009年英國自用訂單結束後,該生產線幾乎全靠外銷生存,近年僅靠卡達與沙烏地阿拉伯的有限採購維持運作。
Since 2009, the UK has not ordered any new Typhoons for its own air force, leaving the assembly line reliant on export deals — primarily with Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
目前卡達的訂單即將交付完畢,沙國則尚未確定追加採購。如未能爭取新訂單,颱風戰機的生產線將於未來數年內收尾,進而關閉,引發大量專業技術人員流失與本土戰機研製能力中斷的隱憂。
With Qatar’s final deliveries approaching and Saudi Arabia’s order still pending, the risk of a production halt is real — along with job losses and industrial capability decay.
專家指出,一旦颱風停產、技術鏈斷裂,英國勢必將更依賴美國供應鏈,而自家航太技術也將陷入「空窗期」。特別是未來期望接替的GCAP第六代戰機(Global Combat Air Programme)預估量產至少要等到2035年以後,屆時英國能否保留足夠的研製能量,已成疑問。
The looming gap between Typhoon phase-out and GCAP mass production — estimated around 2035 — raises serious concerns about sustaining the UK’s fighter development ecosystem.
技術層面上,颱風戰機採三角翼+前翼布局,具備超音速巡航、空優性能與對地攻擊多任務能力,機體使用大量複合材料,配備兩具EJ200渦輪扇發動機,其軍用推力達60 kN,最大後燃推力達90 kN,性能指標遠超法國「飆風」的M88發動機。
The Typhoon’s twin EJ200 engines offer superior thrust-to-weight ratio compared to the Rafale’s M88, enabling supercruise and high agility — designed primarily for air superiority with multirole capabilities.
其機鼻下鶚式進氣口、主翼後掠角達53度(比飆風45度更大),均反映其在空戰性能上的設計取向,與F-35這類「任務整合型隱形戰機」取向大不相同。
Unlike the stealth-optimized F-35, the Typhoon emphasizes kinematic performance, maneuverability, and survivability in traditional BVR and WVR combat.
在政壇方面,英國反對黨與多位軍事評論者已呼籲政府立即釋出新採購計畫,至少為皇家空軍追加一批颱風戰機,維持工廠生產線與關鍵技術人力不被拆解。
UK opposition leaders are urging the government to place additional Typhoon orders to keep the domestic aerospace sector afloat until GCAP comes online.
但英國國防部至今未給出明確承諾,僅重申颱風戰機「在未來數年仍為核心戰力」,引發外界質疑:若未投資更新與生產線延續,所謂「核心」地位是否只是口號?
The Ministry of Defence has yet to commit, sparking skepticism as officials continue to describe the Typhoon as a “core capability” — despite investing more in the F-35.
**結論:英國正走在「軍備自主」與「產業現實」的十字路口。**若無及時挹注與長遠規劃,不僅英國本土戰機研發能力恐遭腰斬,歐洲防務合作也將進一步被美製戰機主導。
The fate of the Typhoon reflects a broader dilemma — balancing industrial sovereignty with operational demands, especially as European nations increasingly rely on American platforms.
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