美國審計署指出：關島飛彈防禦系統缺乏明確支援計畫

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(Capt. Adan Cazarez/U.S. Army)

2025年5月28日，美國國防新聞網報導，根據美國政府問責辦公室（GAO）發布的報告，國防部在建設關島飛彈防禦架構方面，尚未制定明確的策略來指導其建設、部署和長期管理。

報告指出，儘管五角大廈已設立機構來管理關島防禦系統（GDS），並指定各軍種負責其維持和運營，但尚無將責任從飛彈防禦局轉移到各軍種的策略。

報告警告，缺乏明確的策略可能導致部署GDS元素的進度延遲，以及組織、訓練、人員配置和設施等方面的計劃不完整。

陸軍作為在太平洋戰略島嶼上建立該系統的主導力量，也面臨來自其他在關島已經建立的軍種的建設和設施支持方面的挑戰。

此外，國防部尚未確定操作和維持該系統所需的人員數量及其到達的時間表。

報告指出，沒有明確的人員需求或部署時間表，將使各軍種無法充分計劃必要的支持系統，這將降低服務人員的準備程度，並可能加劇現有基礎設施的壓力。

五角大廈在2023年底指出，2024年對於建立計劃中的關島飛彈防禦架構至關重要。隨著來自中國的威脅不斷增長，國防部承諾在2024年底前提供基礎能力，以幫助抵禦可能針對關島的攻擊。然而，該計劃的進度已經出現延遲。

關島是一個擁有近17萬人口的島嶼，其位置脆弱——距離北京比夏威夷更近。該島擁有大量的美國作戰力量，因此在台灣海峽發生戰爭的情況下，將成為中國的主要目標。

飛彈防禦局和陸軍在2024財政年度預算中共尋求15億美元，以開始通過部署資產和整合能力來準備該島。

五角大廈於2023年指定陸軍為負責關島防禦的採購和執行計劃的主導軍種。

三個觀察重點

1. 缺乏明確策略影響部署進度
   國防部尚未制定明確的策略來指導關島飛彈防禦系統的建設、部署和長期管理，可能導致進度延遲和計劃不完整。
2. 人員配置與設施支持不足
   尚未確定操作和維持該系統所需的人員數量及其到達的時間表，將使各軍種無法充分計劃必要的支持系統，降低服務人員的準備程度。
3. 關島戰略地位面臨挑戰
   關島作為美國在太平洋的重要軍事基地，其防禦系統的建設進度延遲，可能影響美國在該地區的戰略部署和防禦能力。

News Title

GAO Finds No Clear Plan for Supporting Guam Missile Defense System

News Content

On May 28, 2025, Defense News reported that the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report indicating that the Department of Defense (DoD) has yet to develop a clear strategy to guide the construction, deployment, and long-term management of the missile defense architecture being built on Guam.

The report notes that while the Pentagon has established organizations to manage the Guam Defense System (GDS) and designated lead services for sustaining and operating it, there is no strategy to transfer responsibilities from the Missile Defense Agency to the various service leads.

The report warns that the lack of a clear strategy could lead to schedule delays for the deployment of GDS elements and incomplete plans for organization, training, personnel levels, and facilities.

The Army, leading the effort to establish the system on the strategic island in the Pacific, also faces challenges in advocating for construction and installation support from other military services already established on Guam.

Additionally, the DoD has yet to determine the number of personnel required to operate and sustain the system and estimates of when they might arrive.

The report states that without clear personnel requirements or deployment schedules, the services will not be able to adequately plan for necessary support systems, which will reduce service personnel readiness and may exacerbate existing infrastructure.

At the end of 2023, the Pentagon identified 2024 as critical for establishing the planned missile defense architecture on Guam. As the threat from China continues to grow, the DoD pledged to deliver a foundational capability to help stave off a potential attack directed at Guam by the end of 2024. That schedule is already slipping.

Guam, an island of nearly 170,000 people, sits in a vulnerable position—it is closer to Beijing than it is to Hawaii. The island hosts a significant amount of U.S. combat power and would therefore be an attractive target for China in the event of a war in the Taiwan Strait.

The Missile Defense Agency and the Army sought a combined $1.5 billion in the fiscal 2024 budget to begin preparing the island by moving assets into place and integrating capabilities.

The Pentagon designated the Army in 2023 as the lead service overseeing the acquisition and execution plan for defending Guam.

Three Key Takeaways

1. Lack of Clear Strategy Affects Deployment Progress
   The DoD has not developed a clear strategy to guide the construction, deployment, and long-term management of the Guam missile defense system, potentially leading to delays and incomplete planning.
2. Insufficient Personnel Planning and Facility Support
   The absence of defined personnel requirements and deployment schedules hampers the services’ ability to plan necessary support systems, reducing readiness and potentially straining existing infrastructure.
3. Strategic Importance of Guam Faces Challenges
   As a critical U.S. military base in the Pacific, delays in building Guam’s defense system could impact the U.S.’s strategic deployment and defense capabilities in the region.