五角大廈急建「無人機防線」！平民區反制技術成焦點!

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Pentagon Accelerates Civilian-Safe Counter-Drone Tech Development under Replicator 2

無人機威脅已成為現代戰場與國土防衛的重大課題，美國五角大廈正加快腳步，推動新一輪的「Replicator」專案，尋求能在城市與平民密集區使用的低附帶損害（low-collateral）反無人機技術。

The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) of the Pentagon will launch a new solicitation next week focused on acquiring civilian-safe counter-drone solutions as part of Replicator 2 — the second phase of a rapid acquisition initiative to address emerging drone threats, especially in populated areas.

DIU主任貝克（Doug Beck）日前在美國國會聽證會上指出，這波新技術徵集的核心，是要找到可在不傷及民眾與環境的情況下，有效攔截小型無人機的方案，無論是透過電子干擾、動能武器還是其他方式。

“We’re especially focused on low-collateral interceptors,” Beck emphasized before the House Armed Services Committee. “Solutions that can be deployed in urban environments, without risking civilian lives, are our priority.”

自去年「Replicator 1」啟動以來，五角大廈已著手大量部署低成本無人機。而在最新一階段中，焦點轉向小型無人機的防禦與反制，特別是在面對越來越多來自紅海、中東與本土基地周邊的群體無人機威脅。

Following Replicator 1’s goal to deliver thousands of drones by mid-2025, Replicator 2 shifts its focus to neutralizing hostile small UAS (sUAS) — a challenge underscored by swarm incidents over U.S. bases and active drone attacks in regions like the Red Sea.

DIU政策主管金善敏（Sunmin Kim）則指出，新一輪的徵案將特別青睞可商購的成熟技術與低成本傳感器，如被動式無線電頻率雷達（passive RF radars），藉此加速部署速度並減少預算壓力。

“We’re also pushing for affordable sensing solutions,” Kim said during the Apex Conference. “Passive RF options offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional active sensors.”

近年來，美軍為應對無人機威脅，已成立多個專責單位，包括由陸軍主導的「聯合反無人系統辦公室」（JCO），並在2023年底制定了機密等級的國防部反無人機戰略，由北方司令部與印太司令部擔任行動協調主力。

To coordinate response efforts, the Pentagon designated U.S. Northern Command and Indo-Pacific Command as lead synchronizers for counter-UAS operations. In December, a classified DoD counter-UAS strategy was finalized to streamline threat response under a unified vision.

然而，多位將領坦言進展仍然太慢。美國海軍陸戰隊能力發展副指揮官奧斯汀中將（Lt. Gen. Eric Austin）在聽證會上表示，目前雖有具開放架構的防空系統（如MADIS）投入服役，但尚不足以應對無人機威脅的演進速度。

“We’re happy, but we’re not satisfied,” Gen. Austin said. “Systems like MADIS are a start — but the threat is evolving faster than our current pace of fielding.”

他也強調，陸戰隊今年將部署首批便攜式反無人機原型系統，用於保護未搭載載具的前線單位，是一項有望迅速擴散的戰術創新。

Austin added: “We’re betting on man-portable solutions at the tactical edge — and we believe this could become a blueprint for agile, iterative deployment.”

DIU與JCO共同認為，技術能力並非問題，真正的挑戰是缺乏足夠的採購與量產資源。若未能迅速擴大部署，恐將被敵方無人機戰術超前。

Gen. David Stewart, JCO Director, echoed: “The tech is there. What we lack is capacity — not capability.”

貝克最後呼籲國會給予更多資源與授權，強調現在是關鍵時刻，美軍必須大規模布建先進的無人與反無人系統，才能在未來衝突中掌握主動權。

“We must act now,” Beck said. “This is about scale, speed, and survival.”