🇨🇭 瑞士擴大與歐盟防務合作，加入網路防禦新角色
(Fabrice Coffrini/AFP via Getty Images)
瑞士獲得歐盟批准，將加入由愛沙尼亞主導的「網路演練聯盟」（Cyber Ranges Federations）項目，這是歐盟永久結構性合作（PESCO）框架下的一項多國軍事網路安全計劃。
此舉標誌著瑞士與歐盟軍事合作的重大進展，儘管伯恩長期以來堅持嚴格的軍事中立政策。
瑞士於2024年10月申請加入該項目，並在不久後提交了另一項針對軍事流動性的聯合項目申請。
成為正式項目成員前，瑞士需完成兩項手續：一是獲得愛沙尼亞的正式邀請，二是與歐盟簽署行政協議，規範資料交換等合作細節。
「網路演練聯盟」旨在集中各成員國的能力，整合獨特服務，並自動化流程，以減少演練期間的人工工作量，加速先進網路安全技術的開發。
目前，奧地利、比利時、保加利亞、芬蘭、法國、義大利和盧森堡已是該項目的成員。
根據2020年制定的PESCO第三國參與規則，非歐盟國家可加入特定項目，前提是其共享歐盟價值觀，且不對成員國的安全利益構成威脅。
歐盟理事會確認，瑞士符合所需的政治、法律和實質標準，並將為聯盟帶來「實質性的附加價值和互惠利益」。
瑞士國防規劃者在參與新合作時，平衡了伯恩的武裝中立政策。
聯邦官員表示，參與PESCO項目是「在雙方共同利益的特定主題上進行的臨時合作，不會對中立性造成關鍵依賴」。
參與該網路項目使瑞士能夠貢獻並受益於專業知識和基礎設施，同時避免過度捲入更廣泛的歐盟防務承諾。
瑞士政府表示，「參與將是選擇性和需求導向的」。
🔍 三大觀察重點
- 瑞士加入歐盟網路防禦項目，突破中立政策
- 瑞士獲准加入PESCO框架下的「網路演練聯盟」，標誌著其在軍事中立政策下，首次參與歐盟的軍事網路安全合作。
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強化國內網路防禦能力，提升國際合作
- 瑞士近年來加強自身的網路防禦能力，建立了瑞士網路訓練場和網路防禦中心，為參與國際合作奠定基礎。
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歐盟擴大第三國參與，促進區域安全合作
- 歐盟透過PESCO框架，允許非成員國如瑞士參與特定項目，促進更廣泛的區域安全合作，提升整體防禦能力。
🌐 地理位置標示（GPS）
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瑞士聯邦國防、民防與體育部（DDPS）
- 緯度：46.9481° N
- 經度：7.4474° E
- 愛沙尼亞國防部
- 緯度：59.4370° N
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經度：24.7536° E
🇨🇭 Switzerland Expands EU Defense Cooperation with New Cyber Role
Switzerland has received approval from the European Union to join the Estonia-led “Cyber Ranges Federations” project, a multinational military cybersecurity initiative under the framework of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) mechanism.
This move marks a significant step forward in Swiss-EU military collaboration, despite Switzerland’s longstanding policy of strict armed neutrality.
Switzerland applied to join the project in October 2024 and soon after submitted another application for a joint initiative focused on military mobility.
Before becoming an official member of the project, Switzerland must complete two steps: receiving a formal invitation from Estonia and signing an administrative agreement with the EU to regulate cooperation details such as data exchange.
The Cyber Ranges Federations project aims to pool the capabilities of member states, integrate unique services, and automate processes to reduce manual workloads during exercises, while accelerating the development of advanced cybersecurity technologies.
Currently, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Italy, and Luxembourg are members of this initiative.
According to the 2020 PESCO third-country participation rules, non-EU nations can join specific projects if they share EU values and pose no threat to the security interests of member states.
The EU Council has confirmed that Switzerland meets the necessary political, legal, and substantive criteria, adding “significant added value and mutual benefit” to the alliance.
Swiss defense planners have sought to balance Bern’s neutrality policy while engaging in new international cooperation.
Federal officials stated that participating in PESCO projects constitutes “temporary cooperation on specific themes of shared interest and does not create critical dependencies affecting neutrality.”
Switzerland’s involvement in the cyber project allows it to contribute to and benefit from expertise and infrastructure without becoming overly entangled in broader EU defense commitments.
The Swiss government emphasized that “participation will be selective and demand-driven.”
🔍 Three Key Takeaways
- Switzerland Breaks Neutrality Barrier by Joining EU Cyber Defense Initiative
• Switzerland’s admission into the Cyber Ranges Federations marks its first military cybersecurity collaboration with the EU under the PESCO framework, despite its neutral stance. - Boosting Domestic Cyber Capabilities and International Cooperation
• Switzerland has strengthened its national cyber defense capabilities in recent years, establishing a cyber training range and defense center to prepare for international collaboration. - EU Broadens Third-Party Participation to Enhance Regional Security
• Through PESCO, the EU allows non-member states like Switzerland to join targeted projects, fostering broader regional defense cooperation and improving collective security.
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