重振美國海事實力：與盟友和創新者攜手，打造堅實的海上防線

美國海事工業基礎的衰退已成為國家安全的重大隱憂。目前，美國商船隊規模遠不足以應對戰時所需的海上運輸能力。為此，兩黨政策制定者達成共識，認為有必要迅速推動美國經濟的再工業化。然而，“迅速”與”再工業化”這兩個詞在實際操作中並不容易結合。如果這些倡議的理由是中國對台灣構成的迫切威脅，那麼時間就變得尤為寶貴。因此，政策制定者應考慮一個更切實可行的策略：加強與盟國的合作，將戰略海事夥伴與美國的創新經濟聯繫起來。

2025年4月，白宮發布了一項海事行政命令，要求在90天內評估盟友和貿易政策與國內造船業的關係。然而，政策制定者在這一背景下談論盟友時，通常是主張購買外國建造的軍艦或在海外船廠對美國海軍艦艇進行維修。這些都是合理的想法，海軍也在國會支持下積極推進海外維修工作。但這些措施並未解決振興國內造船業的核心政治問題。為此，我們必須考慮美國與盟國經濟的相對優勢，從而支持美國工業在短期內取得成果的四個可能方向。

三個重要觀點：

美國海事工業基礎的衰退構成國家安全風險
目前，美國商船隊規模遠不足以應對戰時所需的海上運輸能力。為此，兩黨政策制定者達成共識，認為有必要迅速推動美國經濟的再工業化。
與盟國合作是振興國內造船業的可行策略
政策制定者應考慮一個更切實可行的策略：加強與盟國的合作，將戰略海事夥伴與美國的創新經濟聯繫起來。
政策制定者應考慮美國與盟國經濟的相對優勢
為此，我們必須考慮美國與盟國經濟的相對優勢，從而支持美國工業在短期內取得成果的四個可能方向。

Revitalizing America’s Maritime Strength: Collaborating with Allies and Innovators to Build a Robust Naval Defense

The decline of the U.S. maritime industrial base has become a significant national security concern. Currently, the U.S.-flagged commercial fleet falls well short of the robust sealift capacity needed in wartime. To address this, policymakers from both parties agree on the necessity of rapidly reindustrializing the American economy. However, combining “rapid” and “reindustrialization” is challenging in practice. If these initiatives are justified by the immediate threat posed by China to Taiwan, then time becomes especially critical. Therefore, policymakers should consider a more practical strategy: enhancing cooperation with allies to link strategic maritime partners with America’s innovation economy.

In April 2025, the White House issued a maritime executive order mandating a 90-day assessment of how allies and trade policy relate to domestic shipbuilding. However, when policymakers discuss allies in this context, they often advocate for purchasing foreign-built warships or conducting maintenance on U.S. Navy vessels in overseas yards. These are legitimate ideas, and the Navy has been pursuing overseas maintenance with increased congressional support. Yet, these measures do not address the core political project of revitalizing national shipbuilding. To achieve this, we must consider the relative strengths of the U.S. and allied economies, leading to four possible lines of effort to support near-term gains for the U.S. industry.

Three Key Points:

Decline of U.S. Maritime Industrial Base Poses National Security Risk
Currently, the U.S.-flagged commercial fleet falls well short of the robust sealift capacity needed in wartime. To address this, policymakers from both parties agree on the necessity of rapidly reindustrializing the American economy.
Collaborating with Allies is a Viable Strategy to Revitalize Domestic Shipbuilding
Policymakers should consider a more practical strategy: enhancing cooperation with allies to link strategic maritime partners with America’s innovation economy.
Policymakers Should Consider the Relative Strengths of U.S. and Allied Economies
To achieve this, we must consider the relative strengths of the U.S. and allied economies, leading to four possible lines of effort to support near-term gains for the U.S. industry.